Canadian Arctic & The Franklin Expedition

The Remains of Northumberland House on Beechey Island showing the Memorial (white) and cliff behind. This hut was built in 1854 and filled with supplies for any survivors who might reach it again. The Erebus and Terror wintered here in 1845-6 and left in summer 1846. It is an especially bleak and isolated place.

• @barkeuropa. (2024, April 15). Make your dream come true🇦🇶 From Ushuaia, Argentina the voyage will start with the crossing of the Drake Passage. Four days of sailing these notorious waters will offer you the chance to seeing Bark EUROPA showing off her strength and resilience. @Barkeuropa. https://www.instagram.com/reel/C5xlxs4rxHF/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

• Craciun, A. (2017, July 14). Of shipwrecks and sovereignty. Ottawa Citizen. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/of-shipwrecks-and-sovereignty

• ​Davison, J. (2021, March 25). Franklin expedition: New photos of HMS Erebus artifacts, but still no sign of HMS Terror. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/erebus-terror-artifacts-1.3244303

• Do Danish and Canadian militaries exchange gifts on a disputed island? (n.d.). Skeptics Stack Exchange. https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/34562/do-danish-and-canadian-militaries-exchange-gifts-on-a-disputed-island

• EREBUS and TERROR, H.M.S, List of Officers and Men dated 1845. (n.d.). Royal Museums Greenwich. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/archive/rmgc-object-464476

• Franklin’s Lost Expedition. (2024, May 2). Franklin’s Lost Expedition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition

  

  Smith, W. T. (1895). “They forged the last links with their lives”: Sir John Franklin’s men dying by their boat during the North-West Passage expedition. Royal Museums Greenwich. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-12764

• Geiger, J., & Mitchell, A. (2015). Franklin’s Lost Ship: The Historic Discovery of HMS Erebus. HarperCollins.

• @isleyreust. (2023, February 17). Enya•Sumiregusa (Wild Violet) Passing through the ice filled fjord on a beautiful sunny day. @Isleyreust. https://www.instagram.com/reel/CoxM475LlSz/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

• John Franklin and the Arctic Northwest Passage Lost Expedition map. (n.d.). https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_ships/Franklin-north-west-passage-map.php

• Map Remains of Franklin’s Lost Expedition.svg. (2021, January 22). Map Remains of Franklin’s Lost Expedition. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_Remains_of_Franklin%27s_Lost_Expedition.svg

  

  Lancaster Sound, looking towards Devon Island, a wide channel allowing relatively easy access to the deeper regions of the Canadian Arctic in most summers.

• Map showing terror and Erebus wreck sites. (n.d.). https://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/franklin/archive/image/PCMapWreckSites_en.htm

• @mikerobinsonchef & @outdoorchanneltv. (2025, May 21). How on earth did they cook for 800 men? Georgian Navy sailors needed 5000 calories a day to carry out their duties. This incredible cooker made it possible! @Mikerobinsonchef. https://www.instagram.com/reel/DJthd4XNDjt/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

• National Geographic Magazine (Ed.). (1985, February). The Mummies of Qilakitsoq. National Geographic. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/KYPVXL669785244/NGMA?u=edmo95361&sid=bookmark-NGMA&xid=a7590042​

• Oldfield, N. (2024, March 18). Canada and the Netherlands’ symbol of friendship - pattern energy. Pattern Energy. https://patternenergy.com/canada-and-the-netherlands-symbol-of-friendship/

  

  'HMS Erebus in the Ice, 1846' by François Etienne Musin

• Palin, M. (2019). Erebus: One Ship, Two Epic Voyages, and the Greatest Naval Mystery of All Time. Vintage Canada.

• PARKS Canada - Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site of Canada. (n.d.). https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=334&i=87826

• Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada. (2025, June 10). Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site. https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/nu/epaveswrecks

• Personnel of Franklin’s Lost Expedition. (2024, February 28). Personnel of Franklin’s Lost Expedition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnel_of_Franklin%27s_lost_expedition

• Watson, P. (2017a). ICe Ghosts: The Epic Hunt for the Lost Franklin Expedition. W. W. Norton & Company.

• Watson, P. (2017b, November 28). Ship found in Arctic 168 years after doomed Northwest Passage attempt. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/12/hms-terror-wreck-found-arctic-nearly-170-years-northwest-passage-attempt

  

  Profile plan of “Terror” (1813) and “Erebus” (1826). (1839). Royal Museums Greenwich. https://prints.rmg.co.uk/collections/ship-plans/products/profile-plan-of-terror-1813-and-erebus-1826-j1407

• What happened to the crew of Erebus and Terror? (n.d.). https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/what-happened-to-erebus-terror-crew-true-story

• Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site. (2024, February 22). Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrecks_of_HMS_Erebus_and_HMS_Terror_National_Historic_Site